What is a penalty kick in soccer ? Your heart is in your throat, the bottom has dropped out of your stomach. Ordinarily calm and rational, you have become an electric bag of nerves held together by the finest thread of hope, slowly unravelled by despair. It’s a World Cup penalty shootout.
For a team game, it’s the ultimate duel with victory or defeat riding on a single boot or glove.
The penalty shootout format was only adopted in 1970 and did not reach the World Cup until the semi-final of Spain 1982 when West Germany knocked out France 5-4.
It’s thrilling, it’s devastating, it creates heroes of saviour keepers and villains of strikers who miss.
These are split seconds that define entire careers.
What is a penalty kick?
Penalty kicks are direct free kicks taken from a spot 11 metres (12 yards) in front of the centre of the goal.
During a match, they are awarded to an attacking team for a foul committed against them in the 18-yard box, or “penalty area” – a marked region of the pitch extending 16.5 metres (18 yards) out from each goalpost, and 16.5 metres in depth.
What results in a penalty being awarded?
Deliberately touching the ball with a hand or arm (other than the goalkeeper)
Careless, reckless, or excessive use of force to charge, jump, kick, challenge, push, strike, or kick an attacking player
Holding an opponent
Spitting at or biting an opponent or official
Throwing something at the ball, opponent, or official, or hitting an object with the ball with
What happens when it is awarded?
The ball is placed on the penalty spot regardless of where the foul occurred.
The penalty taker is identified to the referee.
All players other than the kicker and the keeper must leave the penalty area, standing behind the spot, and a minimum of 9.15 metres (10 yards) from the spot. During penalty shoot-outs, all players remain in the central circle in the middle of the pitch.
The goalkeeper may move before the ball is kicked, but must stay on the goal line, facing the kicker, without touching the goalposts, crossbar or net.
The referee blows a whistle to announce the kick should be taken.
Once the kicker reaches the ball, their last step and kick must be in one fluid motion.
When the kick is taken, the keeper must be touching the goal line.
The rules
The ball must be stationary on the spot before the kick
The ball must travel forward
Other players must not enter the penalty area until the ball has been kicked
The kicker must not kick the ball a second time unless it has been touched by another player
Only the player identified to the referee may take the penalty kick
The kicker must not feint at the end of their run-up
When did penalties become a thing?
Despite the laws of the game being codified in 1863, it was not until the Irish Football Association brought the idea to the International Football Association Board in 1891 that penalty kicks became a part of football.
At that time, a penalty kick was awarded for foul play committed within 11metres (12 yards) of the goal line (the 18-yard box not being part of football until 1902). It could also be taken from any point along the width of the pitch on that 11-metre line.
When are penalty shoot-outs used?
A shootout is used to tie-break a match that has ended in a draw.
At the knockout matches in a tournament, including the World Cup, if a game in the knock-out stages has an equal number of goals scored after 90 minutes of play, an additional 30 minutes is played, with the teams switching ends during a short break after 15 minutes. If, at the end of this extra time, the scores remain even, a penalty shootout is held.
What is a penalty in soccer?
In regular match play, a foul committed by a player in the penalty box on the opposition is a penalty – usually in the case of being fouled when through on goal, or through handball.
The ball is then placed on the “penalty spot”, which is 12 yards from the goal in the centre of the box, where one chosen player from the fouled team will be selected to convert a penalty one-on-one against the goalkeeper. The attacker obviously holds a deliberate advantage, as the keeper does not know where he will shoot the ball until he takes his shot.
How does the penalty shootout work?
Penalty shootouts only take place during the knockout phases of a competition, such as the last 16 of a major international tournament like the World Cup, Euros or club competition such as the Champions League.
They are to decide the scoreline of a knockout game if, by the end of regular or extra time the score is still even – as one team will need to be able to progress through to the next stage.
Penalty shootouts do not occur during the league season, as the outcome of the clubs’ finishing is determined by points.
In the event of a shootout, both teams select five players to take a penalty and alternate the order in doing so (ABAB). Prior to the shootout, the captains of the two teams will meet with the referee first to determine at which end of the pitch the shootout will take place in, and a second coin toss to decide which team will take lead the shootout.
The team with the most penalties scored after the first five takes wins the shootout.
However, if one side has scored more successful penalties than the other could possibly reach with all of its remaining kicks, the shoot-out ends, regardless of the number of kicks remaining – this is called “best of five kicks”. An example of this is the 2006 World Cup final, when the shootout ended after Italy’s Fabio Grosso had scored his teams fifth, despite the fact that France (on 3) still had one more to go.
If, after five penalties scored it is still tied, penalties continue through one back-and-forth round at a time – and the first team to have an advantage after a round between both teams wins. This is known as sudden death.
Then, the team that scores the most successful kicks by the end of the shoot-out will be the winner of the match.
How do teams get to the penalty shootout?
In the event that the scoreline after 90 minutes of regular play is still even, the match will continue with two 15-minute periods of extra time in order to determine a winner.
During the 30 minutes of extra time, teams will either play with a nervous, restless energy if they want to find a match-winner or either slow and lethargically if they want to take it to a shootout.
It is not unusual for extra time to finish with the score still even or the same from the end of the 90 minutes, which send both teams to the penalty shootout high on nerves and adrenaline – with the team’s fatigue and exhaustion only adding to the schadenfreude of shootout melodrama.
Why do teams have their best player take the fifth penalty in shootouts?
In a penalty shootout, each team has five shots and the team that makes more successful kicks is declared the victor.
The fifth penalty is often seen as the most important one, as it can be the most decisive. If the scores are even by the fifth round, and then the opposition team misses their fifth penalty, then the other team can win the shootout by scoring in a 5-4 win.
Because the fifth penalties can be the deciding factor, there is an intense amount of pressure that comes along with scoring it. This is why a team’s best player – or go-to penalty-taker – is often saved for this occasion, instead of being scheduled to score early on in the shootout. They would ideally be the most equipped, mentally, to take on such a task, with the best chance of success.
Of course, this tactic has the ability to backfire, especially if a team doesn’t even end up making it to the fifth round due to penalties being missed.
What is the ABBA shootout format?
FIFA has trialled a new format for penalty-taking in smaller competitions, though decided against introducing it at the 2018 World Cup. As penalty shootouts are mostly taken under the ABAB format – where teams alternate between taking penalties with player from team A, then player from team B rotating – there has been a trend that the team who begin the shootout win 60 per cent of the shootouts.
As such, FIFA has tested a new format of ABBA, where teams take two penalties in a row – built like a tennis tiebreaker. It has been used at UEFA youth tournaments as well as the Carabao Cup in England, though it has reverted to the ABAB system since the 2018-19 season.
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